(a) Ignition Lag is the time interval between the point of spark ignition and point of combustion It can be decreased by increasing compression ratio decreasing speed and using rich mixtures.
(b) After Burning is the burning of fuel after the point of maximum pressure
(c) Flame Propagation The speed of flame propagation increases with increasing turbulence higher intake pressure and temperature and higher compression ratio The flame speed is reduced both for rich and lean mixtures The flame speed is maximum for 10% rich mixture than slow climatic
(d) Auto-Ignition : is the self-ignition of mixture of fuel and air without flame.
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